Antimicrobial resistance surge in kids worries docs

Hyderabad: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly being observed not just in adults but also in young children, a concerning trend that has caught the attention of paediatricians.
At the state-run Niloufer Hospital, for example, several cases have been reported where children aged 2-5 years are not responding to first-line antibiotics.
"In cases of severe sepsis, initial antibiotic treatments often fail, forcing us to escalate to stronger medications," said Dr P Ravi Kumar, Superintendent of Niloufer Hospital. "Unfortunately, developing new antibiotics is becoming increasingly difficult. This means that if we continue to rely on stronger antibiotics now, we risk a future where even common bacterial infections could become untreatable, leading to higher mortality rates. The widespread over-the-counter purchase and misuse of antibiotics are significant contributors to this problem."
It is crucial to follow the proper guidelines for antibiotic use—the right product, the right dose, and the right duration. Over-the-counter purchases, however, often lead to improper use and contribute to resistance. Burri Ranga Reddy, an AMR expert, explained: "We are witnessing a troubling trend where even children are increasingly affected by AMR. A variety of factors contribute to this rise. Paediatric infections, including pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, and respiratory conditions, are common. Climate change and pollution are major contributors, often compromising immune systems. Water-related problems also play a role, contributing to gastrointestinal infections as well as ear and nasal issues in children."
While many of these infections are viral and should resolve with symptomatic care, parents often turn to antibiotics like azithromycin due to self-diagnosis or a desire for a quick fix.
"In many cases, parents, either out of time constraints or a lack of awareness, will administer the same antibiotics that worked for a previous illness," said Reddy. "Additionally, unqualified practitioners, or ‘quacks,' often prescribe antibiotics indiscriminately."
A study conducted by Reddy's team revealed that approximately 70% of doctors report pressure from patients—especially parents—demanding antibiotics for their children, even when they may not be necessary. This demand for quick recovery is leading to a significant overuse of antibiotics, both through prescriptions and self-medication, which is contributing to the alarming rise in resistance. "This is a new and concerning phenomenon," Reddy added.